  From DOS/Windows to Linux HOWTO
  By Guido Gonzato,
  <mailto:REMOVE_MEguido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>(Remove
  ``REMOVE_ME'')
  v1.3.2, 22 February 1999
  {_j,  <mailto:hmiyano@webjapan.com>
  v1.3.2, 28 April 2000

   HOWTO  SĂ Linux (t[ UNIX N[) ɏ芷悤ƌ
  S (ߋ̂̂ɂȂ?) DOS  Windows [Uɕ܂B
  ̃hLg̖ړI͓ǎ҂ DOS  Windows ̒m Linux ł̊
  󂷎`邱ƂƁA OS Ԃł̃t@C⃊\[X̌ɂ
  Ẵqg񋟂邱ƂłB
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. 
     1.1 Linux ͂ȂɍĂ܂?
     1.2 ƋĂ
        1.2.1 Cg_NV
        1.2.2 ͂𓾂
     1.3 茈

  2. ȐlB
  3. bash gĂ݂
  4. t@CƃvO
     4.1 t@C: \m
     4.2 V{bNN
     4.3 p[~bVƏL
     4.4 t@C: R}h|󂷂
        4.4.1 
     4.5 vŐN: }`^XNƃZbV
     4.6 [gRs[^ŃvOs

  5. fBNgg
     5.1 fBNg: \m
     5.2 fBNg̃p[~bV
     5.3 fBNgɊւ : DOS  Linux ł̃R}h̑Ή
        5.3.1 

  6. tbs[An[hfBXN
     6.1 DOS X^CŃfoCXǗ
     6.2 UNIX X^CŃfoCXǗ
     6.3 obNAbv

  7. Windows ?
  8. VXeD݂ɎdĂ
     8.1 VXet@C
     8.2 vOt@C

  9. lbg[LO: RZvg
  10. ƂvO~O
     10.1 VFXNvg: ob`t@C̋
     10.2 C Ȃ

  11. c 1%
     11.1 tar  gzip g
     11.2 AvP[ṼCXg[
     11.3 mĂׂqg
     11.4 ǂŃAvP[Vt邩
     11.5 DOS/Win ł͂łȂ
     11.6 DOS/Windows  UNIX ̌
     11.7 悭ggqƊ֘AvO
     11.8 t@C̕ϊ
     11.9 t[̃ItBXi

  12. ̂Ƃ͂ŏI
     12.1 쌠
     12.2 Ɛ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  

  1.1.  Linux ͂ȂɍĂ܂?

  DOS ̐E (Windows ܂)  Linux ւƏ芷ł?  
  łBLinux  DOS  Windows 9xA Windows NT ZpIɗD
  Ă܂BłӂĂBLinux ͂Ȃ̖ɗȂ
  Bȉ DOS/Windows  Linux ̊{IȈႢłB

  o  Windows ł Microsoft Office ⑽̃Q[g܂AȒP
     CXg[ݒ肪\łBsŃptH[}X
     A悭NbV܂B

  o  Linux ł StarOfficeA̐\tgEFAAďȂ߂̃Q[
     ܂BCXg[ݒ͓܂Â悤Ɍ
     łŌ_̂ȂptH[}XŁANbV邱Ƃ͂قƂǂ
     B

  ȂɂƂĉKvȂ̂͂Ȃg߂邱ƂłBtĂ
  ƁALinux ͂ȂɃp[^Ă܂A܂g悤ɂȂ
  ܂ł͂x̎ԂKvłBAp̃\tgKvȏꍇق
  ǂAVR}hTOo肷̂肵
  ̂TĂBŏł܂Ē߂Ă܂V炳񂽂
  񂢂邱ƂSɒuĂĂB

  Linux ƊȒPɎg悤ɂ邽߂̍Ƃ͐isłAhL
  gǂŏȂƂ Linux 𐔃gȂAn
  [UɂȂ邱Ƃ҂ȂłBLinux ͂ɂ͌ʂ܂
  BȂAȂ Linux ɍĂ^Cv̐lȂK
  Linux ɋɊyt邱Ƃۏ؂܂BȂ݂ Linux 
  DOS/Windows ͓}VōKɓł܂B

   HOWTO ǂނł̏:

  o  {I DOS R}hƂ̊TOmĂ邱

  o  Linux ƁAł X Window System ( X11 Ɨ) ƂȂ
     PC ɃCXg[Ă邱

  o  VF (COMMAND.COM ɑ)  bash gpĂ邱

  ɋLڂȂȂ͓SĂ̏͌Â DOS ΏۂƂĂ
  B͓ɂ Windows ̏񂪂قƂ܂AWindows  Linux
  ́ADOS eȂǂƂȂ UNIX ƎĂ̂ƈႢASقȂ
  ̂ƂƂSɎ~߂ĂĂB

  ! ̃hLg͊Sȓ发łݒKChł܂B

  ̃hLg̍ŐVł͈ȉ̃TCg炢̌`œ\ł
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/howto>({:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF>)B

  1.2.  ƋĂ

  Ȃ Linux ƕKvȃvO PC ɃCXg[܂B[U
  AJEgp̂̂쐬 (܂ĂȂ獡 adduser
  Ȃ̖O 邱!)ALinux NĂ܂B[Ul[ƃpX
  [h^CvAXN[߂ĎvĂ܂BuӂށA炢
  񂾂?v

  ]ȂłBȂ͂ꂩ DOS/Win ōsĂ悤Ȃ
  ÂقFXȂƂ鏀قƂǂł̂łBȂ
  Linux ł͂Ȃ DOS/Win NĂȂAȉ̂悤ȂƂĂ
  ƂɂȂ܂B

  o  vŐNAt@C̍쐬ERs[E{E폜EEl[
     

  o  fBNg CDAMDARDA DIR s

  o  tbs[̃tH[}bgƃtbs[ւ̃Rs[₻̋t

  o  VXeD݂ɎdĂ

  o  lbgT[tB

  o  .BAT t@CvODȌŋLq

  o  c 1%

     Ȃ͂̎dADOS ōŝƎ Linux łł
     邱ƂmĊԂł傤BDOS ŕʂ̃[ÚA100 ]肠R
     }h̒łg܂BLinux łx͂Ɠ
     Ƃ܂B

  1.2.1.  Cg_NV

  V̂ôɈԂ悢@͂ƂɂĂ݂邱ƂłB
  Linux ŎAV񂾂肵Ă݂ĂB root ŃOCȂ
   (V񂾂肵Ă) VXeɃ_[W^邱Ƃ͂܂
  񂩂B

  v_

  o  ܂n߂ɁAǂĈS Linux Vbg_E邩BeL
     Xg[h̉ʂĂԂȂ <CTRL-ALT-DEL> VXe
     u[ĝ҂Aꂩ PC ̃XCb`؂܂B X
     Window System ɂꍇ <CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE> Ă <CTRL-
     ALT-DEL> ܂B΂ɂȂ PC ̃XCb`؂AZbg
     肵ȂBt@CVXeɃ_[W^\
     ܂B

  o   DOS  Windows ƈႢALinux ɂ͑gݍ݂̃ZLeBJjY
     ܂Bt@CƃfBNgɂ̓p[~bVǍ
     ʂƂĕʂ̃[Uł̓ANZXłȂ̂܂ (``p[~b
     VƏL''Q)B΂ DOS  Windows ł̓n[hfBXN
     SĂ̓e폜ł肵Ă܂܂B

  o  urootv(VXeǗ) ̓}V̑SĂ̐Ǝǂʂ
     [UłB PC gȂAȂ root ɂȂ邱Ƃ
     ܂B root œ̂ 댯 łBDOS/Win ̂悤ɁA
     ȃ~XłVXeɐ[ȃ_[W^Aj󂵂łĂ
     ܂B΂ɕKvƂƂȊO root œȂƁB

  o   Linux ̕ǴÂقƂǂǂȂƂłݒłĂ܂Ƃ
     痈܂BقƂǑSĂ̓AvP[V͂ЂƂȏ
     ̐ݒt@CɂĎ̍DȂ悤ɕύXł܂BG̓p
     [ɓ邽߂Ɏx㏞łB

  o  _CNgƃpCv DOS ł̓I}P̂悤ȋ@\łALinux 
     ͔ɏdvŁAƗ͋̂łBȒPȃR}h𑩂ɂĕG
     ȃ^XNȂƂł܂B̎go邱Ƃ
     ܂B

  1.2.2.  ͂𓾂

  Linux ŏ͂𓾂ɂ͂̕@܂BƂdvȕ@:

  o  hLgǂ --- ͖{łBȂǂł HOWTO 
     Linux ւ̃Cg_NVƂĎg邩܂񂪁AȂ
     {ɓǂ񂾕悢{܂BMatt Welsh  uLinux
     Installation and Getting Startedv(
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP/gs/gs.html>)ALarry Greenfield 
     uLinux User Guidev(
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide>)A
      Linux FAQ (
     <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/faqs/linux-faq/Linux-FAQ> :
     {  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Linux-FAQ.html>) łB
     ȂƂ̓ЂƂǂނ܂ł͂߂vĂĂ
     B

  o  }VɃCXg[ꂽpbP[W̃hLǵAقƂǂ̏
      /usr/doc/ ȉ̃TufBNgŌt܂B

  o  VF́uR}hvɂĒm肽ȂAhelp ƃ^Cv邩A
     Ƃ悢̂ man bash  info bash łB

  o  R}hɂĂ肽ȂAman command ƃ^Cv邱ƂŁA
     command ̃}jA(umanv)y[W΂ꂪN܂B܂
     info command ƃ^Cv邱ƂŁAgp\Ȃ command Ɋւ
     info y[WN܂Binfo ̓nCp[eLXgx[X̓VXe
     ŁAŏ͂܂蒼ϓIɎgȂ܂BŌ
     ɁAapropos command  whatis command Ă݂Ă͂ǂł傤B
     ̃R}h͑SāuqvŏI܂B

  o  ŌɃC^[lbgłB͂𓾂鐳ꏊ
     <news:comp.os.linux.setup> ̂悤 Usenet łB肢ł璘
     ɏĂ炤߂̃[𑗂ȂłB̂ƂŎ
     tȂ̂ŁB

  1.3.  茈

  ̃hLgŗ͂قƂǂ̏ꍇȉ̌`ɂȂ܂B <...> 
  K{̈ŁA[...] ͏ȗ\łBF

       $ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

   file.tar ͕KKv܂Aredir_file ւ̃_C
  Ng͏ȗ\łBuRPMvƂ́uplease Read the Man Pages for fur-
  ther information (ڂ Man y[Wǂł)vƂӖ
  łBǂꂾhLgǂނƂ؂͋Ȃ炢
  BuDOSWinvƂ́uDOS/Windowsv̂ƂłB

  R}h̃vvg # ÃR}h root ɂĂ̂ݎ
  sł܂B

  2.  ȐlB

  n߂܂? ̕\QƂĂB

  DOS                     Linux                   ӏ
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ATTRIB (+-)attr file    chmod <mode> file       SႤ
  BACKUP                  tar -Mcvf device dir/   
  CD dirname\             cd dirname/             قƂǓ@
  COPY file1 file2        cp file1 file2          
  DEL file                rm file                 undelete ȂƂɒ
  DELTREE dirname         rm -R dirname/          
  DIR                     ls                      S@łȂ
  DIR file /S             find . -name file       Sɕʕ
  EDIT file               vi file                 DɂȂȂƎv܂
                          jstar file              DOS  edit ̂悤ł
  EDLIN file              ed file                 Y܂傤
  FORMAT                  fdformat,
                          mount, umount           \Ⴄ@
  HELP command            man command,            RZvg
                          info command
  MD dirname              mkdir dirname/          قƂǓ@
  MORE < file             less file               ͂邩ɗDG
  MOVE file1 file2        mv file1 file2          
  NUL                     /dev/null               
  PRINT file              lpr file                
  PRN                     /dev/lp0,
                          /dev/lp1                
  RD dirname              rmdir dirname/          قƂǓ@
  REN file1 file2         mv file1 file2          t@CƈĂ

  RESTORE                 tar -Mxpvf device       Ⴄ@
  TYPE file               less file               ͂邩ɗDG
  WIN                     startx                  Ⴂ!

  R}h\ȏ̏񂪕KvȂAeZNVQlɂĂ
  B

  3.  bash gĂ݂

  głBLinux ł̓vvgŃ^Cv̂ɏȂčς݂܂B
  ȂȂ bash VF\Ȍ肠Ȃ̑Ƀ^CvĂA
  ĂȃCGfBeBO\͂܂B܂ɁAL[͂
  ƂÕR}h\A <TAB> ƂŃt@CfB
  Ng⊮ł܂B

       $ ls /u[TAB]lo[TAB]b[TAB]

  ͈ȉ̂悤Ƀ^CvĂ悤Ȃ̂łB

       $ ls /usr/local/bin

  ^Cvɕsmȏꍇ

       $ ls /u[TAB]lo[TAB]i[TAB]

  bash ͕⊮̓~߂܂BȂȂ炱ꂪ /usr/local/infowĂ
  ̂ /usr/local/include wĂ̂ȂłB
  𑫂āǍ <TAB> ܂傤B

  ق֗̕ȃL[͍Ɉ폜 <ESC-BACKSPACE> E
  Ɉ폜 <ESC-D> łB<ESC-F> ̓J[\ꕪEɈړ
  A<ESC-B> ͍Ɉړ܂B <CTRL-A> ͍s̍ŏɈړA<CTRL-E>
  ōŌɈړ܂B <ALT>  <ESC> L[ɑ܂B

  ͂̒xł悢ł傤Bx̃V[gJbgɊĂ܂
  DOS ̃vvgɂ͂炢炳悤ɂȂł傤B

  4.  t@CƃvO

  4.1.  t@C: \m

  Linux  DOS/Win ɂƂĂfBNgt@C\ɂȂĂ
  Bt@Cɂ̓t@CA͓ʂȃ[ɏ]܂B
  ̓fBNgɂ܂A̒ɂ͎s\t@CA
  ̂قƂǂ̓R}hXCb`Ă܂BɁAChJ[h⃊
  _CNgApCvgƂł܂BADOS/Win Ƃ͔Ɉق
  _܂B

  o   DOS ł̓t@C 8.3 tH[ƌĂ΂`ɂȂĂ܂ (
      NOTENOUG.TXT )BLinux ł͂悢̂ɂȂĂ܂B
      ext2  umsdos ̃t@CVXe Linux CXg[
     ꍇ́Aɒt@Cg܂ (255 ܂)A
     hbggƂł܂ (Ⴆ This_is.a.VERY_long.filename)B
     ő啶ƏĎgƂɒӂĂB́A

  o  t@CR}h̑啶Ə͋ʂ܂BȂ
     ŁAFILENAME.tar.gz  filename.tar.gz ͓̈قȂt@C
     Bls ̓R}hłALS ͊ԈႢłB

  o  Windows [UցBLinux Œt@Cgꍇ͋CtȂ
     Ă͂ȂȂƂ܂Bt@CɃXy[X܂܂Ă
     ꍇ (߂܂񂪉\ł)Ãt@C͂Ƃ͂
     łt@Cdpň͂ޕKv܂BႦ:

       $ # ̃R}h uMy old filesv ƂÕfBNg쐬܂B
       $ mkdir "My old files"
       $ ls
       My old files    bin     tmp

  ɁA͎̕gׂł͂܂: !*$&#

  o  vOɂ .COM  .EXE Aob`t@Cɂ .BAT Ƃ悤
     ܂gqtKv͂܂Bls -F R}hs
     st@Cɂ̓AX^XN u*vt@Čɂ܂B
     :

  $ ls -F
  I_am_a_dir/   cindy.jpg    cjpg*   letter_to_Joe    my_1st_script*  old~

  cjpg*  my_1st_script* ͎s\t@CA܂́uvOv
  BobNAbvt@C DOS ł .BAK ł܂ALinux 
  ͔gu~vɂȂ܂BɁAt@Chbgn܂t@C
  Bt@CƌȂ܂BႦ .I.am.a.hidden.file ƂO
  t@C ls R}hł͕\܂B

  o   DOS vÕXCb` /switch ŎgƂł܂ALinux
     ł̃XCb` -switch  --switch ƂȂ܂B܂ dir /s  ls
     -R ɂȂ܂B DOS vOłAႦ PKZIP  ARJ
     Ȃǂ UNIX X^C̃XCb`gƂoĂĂB

  ``R}h DOS  Linux ֖|󂷂'' ̃ZNV܂ňCɓǂݔ
  ΂Ƃł܂AȂ炱̂܂ܓǂݑ܂B

  4.2.  V{bNN

  UNIX ɂ DOS ł݂͑Ȃ悤ȃ^Cṽt@C܂BV{
  bNNłB̓t@CfBNgw (|C
  ^) ŁAꂪwt@CfBNg̑ƂĎgpł
  B Windows ̃V[gJbgɎĂ܂ˁBV{bNN
  ̗ƂāA/usr/X11R6/ w /usr/X11A/dev/ttyS0  /dev/ttyS1
  w /dev/modem ܂B

  V{bNNɂ:

       $ ln -s <file_or_dir> <linkname>

  :

       $ ln -s /usr/doc/g77/DOC g77manual.txt

   /usr/doc/g77/DOC QƂ g77manual.txt QƂł
  BfBNg\ꍇAN͈ȉ̂悤Ɍ܂B

       $ ls -F
       g77manual.txt@
       $ ls -l
       (several things...)           g77manual.txt -> /usr/doc/g77/DOC

  4.3.  p[~bVƏL

  DOS ̃t@CƃfBNĝ͎悤ȑ܂B A (A[JC
  u)AH (Bt@C)AR (ǂݐp)A S (VXet@C)B H
   R  Linux ł͈Ӗ̂̂ƂȂ܂BBt@C̓hbg
  Ŏn܂܂B R ɂĂ͂̂܂ܓǂݐi߂ĂB

  UNIX ł̓t@Cɂ́up[~bVvƏLҁAďLO[v
  ݂܂B̗ĂB

       $ ls -l /bin/ls
       -rwxr-xr-x  1  root  bin  27281 Aug 15 1995 /bin/ls*

  ŏ̃tB[h /bin/ls ̃p[~bV܂݁A /bin/ls  root 
  LAO[v bin ɏ܂Bc̏͒uĂāA-rwxr-
  xr-x ̈ӖTĂ݂܂傤BE֓ǂł܂B

  - ̓t@C̃^CvӖ܂(- = ʂ̃t@CA d = fBNg
  Al = NA)B rwx ̓t@CL҂̃p[~bVӖ܂
  (read(ǂ)Awrite()Aexecute(s));(ł group ̈Ӗ
  ܂񂪁AS҂Ȃ炱̈ӖmȂĂĂł傤 ;-)
  r-x ͂ق̃[Uɑ΂p[~bVł(readAexecute)B

  fBNg /bin p[~bV܂ (ڂ ``fBNg
  ̃p[~bV'' Q)B root łȂ /bin/ls t@C폜
  Ȃ̂́Ap[~bVŋĂȂłBt@C̃p[
  ~bVύXɂ͎̂悤ɃR}hł܂B

       $ chmod <whoXperm> <file>

  who  u (userA܂菊L)Ag (group)Ao (other)A X  + 
  -Aperm  r (read)Aw (write)A x (execute)BʓI chmod ̎g
  ͎̂悤ɂȂ܂B

       $ chmod +x file

  Ńt@Cs\ɂ܂B

       $ chmod go-rw file

  L҈ȊO̓ǂݏ𔍒D܂B

       $ chmod ugo+rwx file

  SẴ[UɓǂݏAĎš^܂B

       # chmod +s file

  ́usetuidvƂAusuidvƌĂ΂t@C (SẴ[UL
  ̌Ńt@Csł) ܂B悭̂ root 
  setuid t@CłB͏dvȃVXet@Cł邱Ƃ
  ܂ ( X T[o)B

  gƂɂăp[~bVfݒł܂B rwxr-xr-x
   755 ƕ\邱Ƃł܂ (SĂ̓̕rbgɑΉ܂F---
   0A--x  1A-w-  2 A-wx  3 Ƃ悤)B邩
  ܂񂪁AƎg߂΂łƎv܂B root (X[
  p[[U) ͑SẴ[Ũt@CύXł܂BRMPB

  4.4.  t@C: R}h|󂷂

   DOS R}hAE͑Ή Linux ̃R}hB

       ATTRIB:         chmod
       COPY:           cp
       DEL:            rm
       MOVE:           mv
       REN:            mv
       TYPE:           more, less, cat

  _CNgLƃpCvL:  < > >> |

  ChJ[h: * ?

  nul:        /dev/null

  prn, lpt1:  /dev/lp0  /dev/lp1; lpr

  4.4.1.  

  DOS                                     Linux
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  C:\GUIDO>ATTRIB +R FILE.TXT             $ chmod 400 file.txt
  C:\GUIDO>COPY JOE.TXT JOE.DOC           $ cp joe.txt joe.doc
  C:\GUIDO>COPY *.* TOTAL                 $ cat * > total
  C:\GUIDO>COPY FRACTALS.DOC PRN          $ lpr fractals.doc
  C:\GUIDO>DEL TEMP                       $ rm temp
  C:\GUIDO>DEL *.BAK                      $ rm *~
  C:\GUIDO>MOVE PAPER.TXT TMP\            $ mv paper.txt tmp/
  C:\GUIDO>REN PAPER.TXT PAPER.ASC        $ mv paper.txt paper.asc
  C:\GUIDO>PRINT LETTER.TXT               $ lpr letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT                $ more letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT                $ less letter.txt
  C:\GUIDO>TYPE LETTER.TXT > NUL          $ cat letter.txt > /dev/null
          n/a                             $ more *.txt *.asc
          n/a                             $ cat section*.txt | less

  :

  o  *  Linux ł͕֗Ɏg܂F* ͉Bt@CSẴt@C
     Ƀ}b`܂B.* ͑SẲBt@CɃ}b` (JgfBN
     gu.vƁAefBNgu..vɂ}b`邱Ƃɒ!)G*.* 
     ԂI肪hbg̃t@CɃ}b`A p*r ́upeterv
     upipervɃ}b`܂B*c* ́upickedvƁupeckv̗Ƀ}b
     `܂B

  o  more gpƂA<SPACE> ăt@Cǂݐi߁AuqvŏI
     ܂Bless ͂ɒϓIɈAL[gƂł܂B

  o  UNDELETE ݂͑Ȃ̂ŁA폜܂ɂǂlĂB

  o  DOS Ŏg < > >> ̂قɂALinux  2> ŃG[bZ[
     W(stderr)_CNgł܂BɁA 2>&1  stderr 
     stdout Ƀ_CNgA 1>&2  stdout  stderr Ƀ_CNg
     ܂B

  o   Linux ɂ͂قɂChJ[h܂B [] g: [abc]* 
     aAbAc Ŏn܂t@CɃ}b`܂B*[I-N1-3] 
     IAJAKALAMANA1A2A3 ŏIt@CɃ}b`܂B

  o   lpr <file> ̓t@CobNOEhň܂Bvg҂
     ̏Ԃ𒲂ׂɂ lpqAvg҂̏Ԃt@C폜
      lprm g܂B

  o  DOS ̂悤 RENAME ݂͑܂B܂Amv *.xxx *.yyy ͂ł
     ƂƂłBREN ɎR}h͈ȉœ\łB
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/file>

  o   cp -i  mv -i g΃t@C㏑ƂɌx\ł
     ܂B

  4.5.  vŐN: }`^XNƃZbV

  vONɂ́ADOS ł悤ɃvO^Cv܂B
  vOuĂfBNg (ZNV ``fBNg
  g'') pX (ZNV ``VXet@C'') Ɋ܂܂Ă
  ꍇ̓vO͋Nł傤BOƂāA DOS ƈႢ Linux 
  ̓JgfBNgɒuꂽvO̓JgfBNgpX
  Ɋ܂܂ĂȂ蓮܂BΉ: prog vO𓮂
  ́A./prog ƃ^Cv܂B
  ʓIȃR}hC͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂:

       $ command [-s1 [-s2] ... [-sn]] [par1 [par2] ... [parn]] [< input] [> output]

  -s1A...A-sn ̓vÕXCb`ŁApar1A ...Aparn ̓vO
  ̃p[^łBR}hCŕ̃R}hs邱Ƃł
  B

       $ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

  ꂪvO𑖂点SĂłAi񂾎gȒPɂł
  B Linux gȗR̂ЂƂ Linux }`^XN OS 
  B͕̃vO(ꂩ̓vZXƌĂ)xɑ点邱
  Ƃł܂BvZXobNOEhŋNĂ̂܂܍Ƃ𑱂
  Ƃł܂B Linux ͕̃ZbVȂɗ^Ă
  B́A܂ł̃Rs[^𓯎ɈĂ݂ł
  !

  o   zR\[ŃZbV 1 ` 6 ɐؑւɂ <ALT-F1> `
     <ALT-F6> Ɖ܂B

  o  ݂̉zR\[狎邱ƂȂVZbV𓯂zR
     \[Ŏn߂ɂ́Asu - <loginname> ƃ^Cv܂BႦ su -
     rootB root łsłȂ^XNsƂȂǂɖ
     ɗ܂B

  o  ZbVIɂ́Aexit ƃ^Cv܂BɂĒ~ꂽ
     vZX(Q)Όxł܂B

  o  obNOEhŃvZXsɂ̓Ahu&vR}hC
     ̏Iɕt܂B

       $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
       [1] 123

  VF̓vZXWuԍ(:  [1]; Ql)A PID ԍ(Process
  Identification Number; L̗ł 123 )ŔF܂B

  o  ̃vZXsĂ̂𒲂ׂɂ ps ax ƃ^Cv
     B͌݋NĂvZX̃Xgo͂܂B

  o  vZX kill  (I) ɂ kill <PID> ƃ^Cv܂B
     ǂ΃vZX𐳂@ŏI邩Ȃꍇ̓vZ
     X kill 邱ƂKvɂȂ邩܂BȂ root łȂ
     Aق̃[ŨvZX kill 邱Ƃ͂ł܂BvZX
      kill -SIGKILL <PID> ɂĂł kill łȂƂ܂B

     tƁAVF̓vZX~߂AꎞIɃTXyh
     AvZXobNOEhɑAobNOEhO
     Ɏėł܂B̊ł̓vZX́uWu(job)vƌĂ
     ܂B

  o  ̃WusĂ邩𒲂ׂɂ jobs ƃ^Cv܂B
     ł̓Wu PID ԍł͂ȂWuԍɂĔF܂B

  o  őOʂŎsĂvZX~߂ɂ <CTRL-C> ܂ (
     ܂sƂ͌܂)B

  o  őOʂŎsĂvZXTXyhɂ <CTRL-Z> 
     ܂()B

  o  TXyhĂvZXobNOEhɌĂі߂ɂ bg
     <%job ƃ^Cv܂(̓WuɂȂ)B

  o  WuőOʂɎėɂ fg <%job ƃ^Cv܂BŌɃob
     NOEhɑꂽWuőOʂɎėɂ͒P fg ƃ^
     Cv܂B

  o  Wu kill ɂ́Akill <%job ƃ^Cv܂B <%job ̏
     1A2A3 .. ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

  ̃R}hgƂɂăfBXNtH[}bgA
  ̃t@C zip ňkAvORpCAA[J
  Cu unzip 肵AƂɃvvgRɎg܂B
  Ƃ Windows łĂ݂ĂǂꂾptH[}XɈႢ邩
  Ă݂Ă(NbVȂ̘bł)B

  4.6.  [gRs[^ŃvOs

  remote.machine.edu ƂÕ[g}VŃvOs
  ɂ:

       $ telnet remote.machine.edu

  OČ͍DȃvOsł܂BRłAȂ̓
  [g}VɂAJEgĂKv܂B

   X11 ĂȂ烊[gRs[^ X AvP[V
  sāA X ʏɕ\邱Ƃł
  Bremote.machine.edu [g X Rs[^ local.linux.box 
  Ȃ Linux }VƑz肷 local.linux.box 
  remote.machine.edu ɂ X vOsɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ
  :

  o  X11 𗧂グ xterm ̃^[~iG~[^NAȉ
     悤Ƀ^Cv܂:

       $ xhost +remote.machine.edu
       $ telnet remote.machine.edu

  o   OCI玟̂悤Ƀ^Cv܂:

       remote:$ DISPLAY=local.linux.box:0.0
       remote:$ progname &

  (DISPLAY... ƃ^CvɁAsetenv DISPLAY local.linux.box:0.0
  ƃ^CvKv邩܂B̓[gRs[^̃VF
  )

  Ƃǂł傤! progname  remote.machine.edu ŋNAȂ
  ̃}Vɕ\܂BxĎgɂȂȂ̂łf
  Ԃł͍sȂBɁA͊ȂGȕ@łB
  uRemote X Apps mini-HOWTOv
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Remote-X-Apps.html> ({:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Remote-X-Apps.html>) ǂł݂Ă
  B

  5.  fBNgg

  5.1.  fBNg: \m

  ܂ DOSWin  Linux ł̃t@C̈ႢɂČĂ܂B
  fBNgł DOSWin ł̓[gfBNg \ łA Linux 
  ł / ƂȂ܂BlɁAlXgꂽfBNg DOSWin ł \
  ŁALinux ł / ŕ܂Bt@CpX̗:

       DOS:    C:\PAPERS\GEOLOGY\MID_EOC.TEX
       Linux:  /home/guido/papers/geology/middle_eocene.tex

  ̂悤ɁA.. ͐efBNgA. ̓JgfBNg
  BoĂė~̂́AVXe͂Ȃ cd  rd ǂłs
  Ă킯ł͂ȂƂƂłBꂼ̃[U̓VXeǗ
  ҂炤uhomevƌĂ΂fBNgɂꂼ̃t@C
  ܂BႦΎ̃Rs[^̎̃z[fBNg /home/guido
  łB

  5.2.  fBNg̃p[~bV

  fBNgp[~bVĂ܂B``p[~bVƏL''
  ZNVŊoƂ̓fBNgɂʗp܂( userAgroupA
  other)BfBNg̏ꍇ rx Ƃ̂͂Ȃ̃fBNg cd
  łƂƂłB w ̈Ӗ̓fBNgɂt@C
  fBNĝ폜łƂƂł (t@C̃p[~b
  Vɏ]Ăł)B

  Ⴆ΁Aق̃[U /home/guido/text ł̂hɂ:

       $ chmod o-rwx /home/guido/text

  5.3.  fBNgɊւ : DOS  Linux ł̃R}h̑Ή

       DIR:            ls, find, du
       CD:             cd, pwd
       MD:             mkdir
       RD:             rmdir
       DELTREE:        rm -rf
       MOVE:           mv

  5.3.1.  

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       C:\GUIDO>DIR                            $ ls
       C:\GUIDO>DIR FILE.TXT                   $ ls file.txt
       C:\GUIDO>DIR *.H *.C                    $ ls *.h *.c
       C:\GUIDO>DIR/P                          $ ls | more
       C:\GUIDO>DIR/A                          $ ls -l
       C:\GUIDO>DIR *.TMP /S                   $ find / -name "*.tmp"
       C:\GUIDO>CD                             $ pwd
               N/A - uӁvQ            $ cd
                                           $ cd ~
                                           $ cd ~/temp
       C:\GUIDO>CD \OTHER                      $ cd /other
       C:\GUIDO>CD ..\TEMP\TRASH               $ cd ../temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>MD NEWPROGS                    $ mkdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>MOVE PROG ..                   $ mv prog ..
       C:\GUIDO>MD \PROGS\TURBO                $ mkdir /progs/turbo
       C:\GUIDO>DELTREE TEMP\TRASH             $ rm -rf temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>RD NEWPROGS                    $ rmdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>RD \PROGS\TURBO                $ rmdir /progs/turbo

  :

  o   rmdir gƂ͍폜fBNg͋ۂłȂĂ͂܂
     BfBNgƂȉ̑SẴt@C폜ɂ rm -rf 
     gĂ (Ƃ͎̐ӔC)B

  o  u~v͂Ȃ̃z[fBNg̃V[gJbgłB cd  cd
     ~ 邱ƂŁAǂɂẴz[fBNgɈړł
     Bcd ~/tmp ƃ^Cv /home/your_home/tmp Ɉړ܂B

  o   cd - ͍Ō cd R}h  uȂ܂vB

  6.  tbs[An[hfBXN

  foCX Linux ŊǗ@͓ނ܂: DOS X^C UNIX
  X^CBDȕIłB

  6.1.  DOS X^CŃfoCXǗ

  قƂǂ Linux fBXgr[V Mtools ܂݂܂B́A
   DOS ̂̂Ƃ܂R}hQłAR}h̓ m 
  Ă܂BႦ mformatAmdirA mdelAmmd Ƃ悤ɂłB
  ̓Ot@Cێ邱Ƃł܂At@C̃p[~b
  V̕ێ͂ł܂B Mtools ̐ݒt@C /etc/mtools.conf (T
  v̓fBXgr[V񋟂Ă܂) ҏW΁A
  DOS/Win p[eBVACD-ROMAZIP hCuɃANZXł悤ɂȂ
  ܂BAVfBXNtH[}bgɂ mformat ł͂Ȃ
  root  fdformat /dev/fd0H1440 sȂĂ͂܂B

  less a:file.txt ̂悤Ƀtbs[ɃANZX邱Ƃ͂ł܂! 
   DOS X^CŃfBXNɃANZXsւƂ܂B

  6.2.  UNIX X^CŃfoCXǗ

  UNIX ͈قȂ@ŃfoCX܂Bɂ A:  C: hCu
  悤ȕʁXɕꂽ{[݂͑܂Btbs[낤
  AfBXŃu}Egv邱Ƃɂă[JVXëꕔɂ
  ܂BfBXNgpIƂ̓fBXNo܂ɁuA}
  EgvKv܂B

  IɃfBXNtH[}bĝƁAt@CVXȅɍ쐬
  ͕̂ʂ̂ƂłBDOS ̃R}h FORMAT A: ͗s܂
  ALinux ł͕ʁX̃R}hōs܂Btbs[tH[}bg
  ɂ͏QƂĂBt@CVXe쐬ɂ:

       # mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0H1440

  dosAvfat () Âق̃tH[}bg ext2 ̑Ɏg
  ł܂BfBXNꂽ玟̃R}hŃ}Eg܂B

       # mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt

  ext2 gȂꍇ͐t@CVXew肵ĂB
  ŁAA:  B: ̑ /mnt gătbs[̃t@CQƂł
  ܂B:

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------

       C:\GUIDO>DIR A:                         $ ls /mnt
       C:\GUIDO>COPY A:*.*                     $ cp /mnt/* .
       C:\GUIDO>COPY *.ZIP A:                  $ cp *.zip /mnt
       C:\GUIDO>EDIT A:FILE.TXT                $ jstar /mnt/file.txt
       C:\GUIDO>A:                             $ cd /mnt
       A:> _                                   /mnt/$ _

  gIfBXN܂ɐ΂Ɏ̃R}hŃA}Eg
  ĂB

       # umount /mnt

  RłAfdformat  mkfs ȂĂ͂Ȃ̂̓tH[}bg
  ĂȂfBXNɑ΂ĂŁAȑOgꂽƂ̂fBXNɂł͂
  ܂B B: hCugꍇ͏̗ fd0H1440  fd0
  A fd1H1440  fd1 ɓꊷĂB

  Kv܂񂪁Atbs[ɒʗp邱Ƃ͂ق̃foCXɂ
  Ă͂܂܂BႦ΁Aق̃n[hfBXN CD-ROM hCu}Eg
  Ƃ́A̕@ CD-ROM }Egł܂B

       # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt

  ́uvȃ}Eg̎dłAƂĂ̗Z܂Bt
  bs[ CD-ROM }Eg邽߂ɂ킴킴 root ɂȂ̂ʓ|Ȃ
  ŁAȉ̕@őSẴ[U}Egł悤ɂȂ܂:

  o   root ɂȂĈȉs܂:

       # mkdir /mnt/floppy ; mkdir /mnt/cdrom
       # chmod 777 /mnt/floppy /mnt/cd*
       # #  CD-ROM foCXmF
       # chmod 666 /dev/hdb ; chmod 666 /dev/fd*

  o   /etc/fstab Ɏ̍st܂:

       /dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom  iso9660 ro,user,noauto          0       0
       /dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy vfat    user,noauto             0       0

   DOS tbs[ CD-ROM }Egɂ:

       $ mount /mnt/floppy
       $ mount /mnt/cdrom

  /mnt/floppy  /mnt/cdrom ͂őSẴ[UANZXł܂B
  ̕@őSẴ[Ũ}Eg\ɂ邱Ƃ́AdȃZL
  eBz[ɂȂ邱ƂoĂĂ(ȂCɂ΂
  bł)B

  ̖ɗR}h́A}Egꂽt@CVXȅ\
   df ƁAfBNgɂĎgĂfBXNeʂ񍐂 du
  dirname łB

  6.3.  obNAbv

  ̖ɗpbP[W܂A}`{[obNAbv
  ōŒł邱ƂƂ ( root ):

       # tar -M -cvf /dev/fd0H1440 dir_to_backup/

  tH[}bgꂽtbs[hCuɓĂāA}Ă
  ȊOɂpӂĂ邱ƂmFĂBtbs[̃t@
  Cɖ߂ɂ́Aŏ̃tbs[hCuɓĎ̃R}h
  sĂB

       # tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0H1440

  7.  Windows ?

  Windows ɁúvƂāAOtBbNVXe X Window System
  ܂BWindows  Mac ƈႢAX11 ͎g₷邽߂A
  ǂ邽߂ɐ݌vꂽ̂ł͂ȂAUNIX [NXe[VɃO
  tBbNݔ񋟂邽߂ɐ݌v܂Bȉ͎vȈႢłB

  o  Windows ̌ڂƓ͐EǂłłAX11 ͈Ⴂ܂B
     fRɐݒxRŁAX11 ̑S̓IȌڂ́uWindow Managervƌ
     ΂vf琬藧܂Bɂ͎̂悤Ȏނ܂:
     fvwm ͊{IłȂߖɂȂ܂Bfvwm2-95A
     AfterstepAWindowMakerAEnlightenmentAƂ̂قB Window
     Manager ͕ .xinitrc Ăяo܂B

  o   Window Manager ̐ݒ莟ł́AX̃EChE͂ Windows
     ̂悤ɑłĂ܂܂ (NbNƑOʂɂłĂ)Bق
     \ƂẮA}EX̏ɗƂ (tH[JX) Oʂɂ
     Ă܂BEChEʏɒuʒu͎C^NeBu
     ̂ǂɂȂ܂Bȃt[vȎɌ
     AEChE\ʒuōNbNĂB

  o  قƂǂ̋@\͂ЂƂȏ̐ݒt@CҏW邱Ƃɂ
     ăJX^}CYł܂BWindow Manager ̃hLgǂ݂܂
     : ݒt@C .fvwmrcA.fvwm2rc95A.steprc BTv̐ݒ
     t@C͕ /etc/X11/window-manager-name/system.window-manager-
     name Ōt܂B

  o  X11 AvP[V͓ʂȃCugďĂ܂(uEB
     WFbgZbgv)Bɂ͂ނ܂̂ŁAAvP[
     V͌ڂČ܂Bł{IȂ̂ Athena EBWFb
     ggAvP[Vł (2-D ̌ځGxdviAxmanA xcalc
     )BMotif ĝ܂ (netscape)Bقɂ
     Tcl/TkAXFormsAQtAGtkABقƂǂ̃Cu Windows
     ƂقړڂƓ񋟂܂B

  o  ͂ɂꂳĂ܂BႦ΁As̃eLXg}EX
     IāA<BACKSPACE> ΂̍sƎv܂? łA
      Athena x[X̃AvP[Vł͒ʗp܂BȊO
     ̃EBWFbgZbgł͒ʗp܂B

  o  XN[o[TCYύXǂ̂悤ɍp邩 Window Manager
     ƃEBWFbgZbgłBqg: XN[o[Ȃ
     ̎vʂɓĂȂ^񒆂̃{^A܂͓̃{
     ^ꏏɉĂ𓮂Ă݂܂傤B

  o  AvP[V̓ftHgł̓ACR܂񂪁A
     Ƃł܂BقƂǂ Window Manager ̓fXNgbv (u[
     gEChEv) NbN邱ƂŃj[ł܂B܂ł
     Ãj[DȂ悤ɐݒł܂B[gEChĚ
     ڂύXɂ xsetroot xloadimage g܂B

  o  Nbv{[h̓eLXĝݕێłAȓ܂B [:
     {^hbO] eLXgIA̎_ŃeLXg
     Nbv{[hɃRs[Ă܂BDȏꏊɈړĂ璆
     {^ē\܂Bxclipboard ƂAvP[Vg
     Ε̃eLXgNbv{[hɕۑł܂B

  o  hbOAhhbv̓T|[gĂAvP[VA܂
     Window Manager Ŏgp\łB

     ̐ߖ̂߁ACugAvP[Vg
     ׂłA͎ۂɂ͓ł傤B

  X11 ̌ڂƓ Windows Ɠ炢ꂳ邱ƂړIƂĂ
  vWFNg܂B GNOME  <http://www.gnome.org> ({ GNOME
  [U <http://www.gnome.gr.jp>)  KDE  <http://www.kde.org> ({
  KDE [U <http://www.kde.gr.jp>) ͑f炵łBĂ݂Ă
  B Windows ȂĂ悭Ȃł傤B

  8.  VXeD݂ɎdĂ

  8.1.  VXet@C

  DOS ł̓̏dvȃt@C AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS łBu[
  gɃVXeAPATH  FILES ̊ϐݒ肵A
  vOob`t@CN邱Ƃł܂B Linux ł͂
  ̏t@C܂B̒̂͎Ă
  ̂Sɕ悤ɂȂ܂ł͂Ȃق悢̂܂B
  Ƃ肠AǂꂪԏdvЉ܂B

       t@C                                

       /etc/inittab                            ̂Ƃ͂Ȃ!
       /etc/rc.d/*                             

  Ȃ PATH ₻̂ق̊ϐ̐ݒAOCbZ[W̕ύX
  AOCɎŃvONȂÃt@CQ
  ƂĂB

       t@C                                

       /etc/issue                              OC܂̃bZ[Wݒ
       /etc/motd                               OC̃bZ[Wݒ
       /etc/profile                            $PATH ₻̂ق̊ϐݒÂق
       /etc/bashrc                             GCAX֐̐ݒÂق
       /home/your_home/.bashrc                 Ȃ̃GCAX֐̐ݒ
       /home/your_home/.bash_profile   ܂
       /home/your_home/.profile                ݒAȂ̃vON

  Ōɋǂ炩̃t@C(͉Bt@CȂ̂Œ)݂
  ꍇA̓OCɓǂݍ܂At@CɏꂽR}h
  s܂B

   --- Q .bash_profile:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # ̓Rg
  echo Environment:
  printenv | less   # DOS  SET R}hɑ
  alias d='ls -l'   # GCAXƂ͉ȒPɗł
  alias up='cd ..'
  echo "Ȃ̃pX "$PATH
  echo " `date`"  # R}h 'date' ̏o͂gp
  echo "悢A"$LOGNAME
  #  "VF֐" ł
  ctgz() #  .tar.gz A[JCu̓eXg
  {
    for file in $*
    do
      gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
  }
  # end of .profile
  ______________________________________________________________________

  $PATH  $LOGNAME ͂@̒ʂϐłBقɂ̂̂
  ܂BႦ less  bash ̂悤ȃAvP[V RMP Ă
  B

  ȉ̍s /etc/profile ɒǉ邱Ƃ PROMPT $P$Gɑvv
  g񋟂܂B

       export PS1="\w\\$ "

  8.2.  vOt@C

  Linux ł͂قƂǑSĂȂ̍D݂ɎdĂ邱Ƃł܂BقƂ
  ǂ̃vO͂ЂƂȏ̂ȂDɂł鏉t@Cʂ
  .prognamerc Ƃ悤ȖOłȂ̃z[fBNgɒuĂ
  BŏɕҏWׂȂ̂:

  o
      .inputrc: bash ɂăL[oCfBO`

  o
      .xinitrc: startx ɂ X Window System 

  o
      .fvwmrc: EChE}l[W fvwm ɂĎgp

  o
      .joerc, .jstarrc: GfB^ joe ɂĎgp

  o
      .jedrc: GfB^ jed ɂĎgp

  o   .pinerc: [[_ pine ɂĎgp

  o
      .Xdefault:  X vOɂĎgp

  ȏ̊et@ĈقAȂꈵƂɂȂt@Cɂ
  ́ARMP ĂB

  Configuration HOWTO ǂł݂Ă悢܂
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Config-HOWTO.html> ({:
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Config-HOWTO.html>B

  9.  lbg[LO: RZvg

  Linux ł́u_CAAbvlbg[Nv͎gp\Ȃł͂ȂA
  Ɉ肵Ăđ̂ɂȂĂ܂BuPPPv(fgăC^[
  lbgڑsvgR) ɂ܂BJ[l PPP T
  |[gĂ邱ƂƁAdbĐڑc[KvłB

  voC_̃T[o炠Ȃ̃[ėɂ́APOP vgR
  gpuemail fetchervƌĂ΂c[KvłB[荞
  ꂽƂɂ́AȂ Linux box ɒڃ[͂ꂽ悤
  Ɍ܂Bꂩ pine  muttAelm  MUA(Mail User Agent)
  gpă[Ǘ܂B

  Windows ł̓_CAC^[lbgAvP[VNƂɎ
  IɋN܂ALinux ł͂̋tɂȂ܂BŏɃ_CAāA
  ꂩAvP[VN܂Bdiald ƌĂ΂̂ʂ̓
  񋟂܂B_CAAbvlbg[ÑCXg[Ɛݒ邱
   Linux ŒB̂ƂƌĂ܂A͂
  ܂BConfiguration HOWTO QƂĂ݂ĂB

  Ō ulbg[NRs[^vɂāBȂ Linux [NX
  e[V  Windows őg܂ꂽ[Jlbg[N Windows NT/9x
  ̂悤Ɍ邱Ƃł܂! ̖@̍t Samba łB
  ̓uW̃_Xł͂ȂALinux ̂߂ SMB vgRs
  ̂łB <http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba> ({ Samba [U If all
  you need is setting the PATH and other:  <http://www.samba.gr.jp>) 
  sĂ݂܂傤B

  10.  ƂvO~O

  10.1.  VFXNvg: ob`t@C̋

  DOS 𗘗pĂƂR}hC̃V[gJbg邽߂
  ob`t@CgpĂȂ (悭܂)AړI͓K؂
  GCAXprofile  .bash_profile ɋLq邱ƂŒBł܂ (
  ̗Q)B łAƕGȃob`t@CgĂȂVF
  XNvgƂȂ͍DɂȂ͂łB͌Âǂ
  QBasic ƓAȏɃptłB͕ϐ whileAforA
  caseAif... then... else  ̂悤ȍ\Âقɂ̓
  ܂B́u{ṽvO~ȎɂȂ܂B

  XNvg (DOS  .BAT ɑ) ɂ́A߂܂񂾕W ASCII
  t@CLqAZ[u܂B̌ chmod +x <scriptfile> R}h
  Ŏs\ɂ΂悢łBXNvgsɂ̓t@C^
  CvĂB

  ! vi ƌĂ΂VXeGfB^܂Ǎ͎o
  ďS҂̕ɂ͎ĝƂĂƊƎv܂Bł͎g
  Ȃǂ͐܂񂪁AMatt Welsh ̖{lbgŃ`[gAT
  ĂQlɂĂBł͈ȉ̐ɂƂǂ߂Ă܂B

  o  eLXg}ɂ i ƃ^CvĂ

  o  폜ɂ <ESC> ̌ x ƃ^Cv

  o  Z[uȂŏIɂ <ESC> ̌ :q! ƃ^Cv

  o  Z[uĂIɂ <ESC> ̌ :wq ƃ^Cv

  SҌ̂悢GfB^ joe ܂Bjstar ƃ^Cv邱ƂŋN
  łA DOSWin ̃GfB^ƓL[oCfBO
  Bjed  WordStar  IDE [h͂ɂ悢łB ``ǂŃAvP[
  Vt邩'' ̃ZNVŁAǂ炱̃GfB^_E
  [hł邩tĂB

  bash ł̃XNvgLq͂ƂĂ̍LTuWFNgłAꂾ
  Ŗ{Ă܂܂̂ŁAȏ͐[肵܂Bł͒PɊ
  {ƂȂ郋[oĂ炤߂ɃVFXNvg̗邱Ƃɂ
  ܂:

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  # sample.sh
  # ̓Rg
  # sڂҏWȂ悤ɁB͂ɂKv܂B
  echo "̃VXe:" `uname -a` # R}h̏o͂g
  echo "̖O $0" # g݂̕ϐ
  echo "Ȃ͎" $# "p[^^܂: "$*
  echo "ŏ̃p[^: "$1
  echo -n "Ȃ̖O? " ; read your_name
  echo ႢɋCÂ܂: "hi $your_name" # " ňp
  echo ႢɋCÂ܂: 'hi $your_name' # ' ňp
  DIRS=0 ; FILES=0
  for file in `ls .` ; do
    if [ -d ${file} ] ; then # t@CfBNgȂ
      DIRS=`expr $DIRS + 1`  # DIRS = DIRS + 1
    elif [ -f ${file} ] ; then
      FILES=`expr $FILES + 1`
    fi
    case ${file} in
      *.gif|*jpg) echo "${file}: 摜t@C" ;;
      *.txt|*.tex) echo "${file}: eLXgt@C" ;;
      *.c|*.f|*.for) echo "${file}: \[Xt@C" ;;
      *) echo "${file}: ʓIȃt@C" ;;
    esac
  done
  echo " ${DIRS} ̃fBNg ${FILES} ̃t@Ct܂"
  ls | grep "ZxY--!!!WKW"
  if [ $? != 0 ] ; then # R[h̍Ō̃R}h exit 
    echo "ZxY--!!!WKW not found"
  fi
  echo "ŏ\ȁBBȂ 'man bash'"
  ______________________________________________________________________

  10.2.  C Ȃ

  DލD܂Ƃ킸AUNIX ł̃VXe C łBقɂ
  ̌ (JavaAFORTRANAPascalALispABasicAPerlAawk...) gp
  \łB

  Ȃ C mĂ̂ƂāA͍܂ Turbo C++ ₻
  DOS p̃RpCgĂlւ̃KChCłBLinux  C R
  pC gcc ƌĂ΂A̓xJȂǂ DOS ̂̂Œʏt
  @\܂BIDEAICwvAꂽfobKȂǂ
  ܂BPȃR}hC̃RpCłƂĂ͂ŗL\łB
  W hello.c RpCɂ:

       $ gcc hello.c

  Ŏst@C a.out 쐬܂Bst@CɈႤO^
  ɂ

       $ gcc -o hola hello.c

  CuvOɃNɂ́A-l<libname> ̂悤ȃXCb`
  ǉ܂BႦΐwCuNɂ

       $ gcc -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

  (-l<libname> XCb` gcc ɃCu /usr/lib/lib<libname>.so 
  N܂B܂ -lm  /usr/lib/libm.so N܂)

  ܂ł͂łˁBłvÕ\[Xt@Cɂ
  łĂꍇ́Amake Ƃ[eBeBgKv܂B
  Ȃ̍\͂vOƂ܂B̃\[Xt@
  Cɂ parser.c  #include ̃wb_t@CAparser.h 
  xy.h ܂B parser.c ɂ郋[` parser.h  #include 
  calc.c ŎgƂ܂BȂĂ߂Ⴍ! ǂ calc.c
  RpCł̂ł傤?

  ŁARpCɃ\[XƃIuWFNgt@CԂ̈ˑ󋵂
  Makefile ƌĂ΂̂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #  calc.c RpC邽߂ Makefile
  # ꂽƂ <TAB> L[悤

  calc: calc.o parser.o
  <TAB>gcc -o calc calc.o parser.o -lm
  # calc ͓̃IuWFNgt@CɈˑ܂: calc.o  parser.o

  calc.o: calc.c parser.h
  <TAB>gcc -c calc.c
  # calc.o ͓̃\[Xt@CɈˑ܂

  parser.o:  parser.c parser.h xy.h
  <TAB>gcc -c parser.c
  # parser.o ͎O̃\[Xt@CɈˑ܂

  # Makefile I
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@C Makefile ƂOŕۑAvORpC
  ߂ make ƃ^Cv܂傤B̂ق̎iƂāA calc.mak Ƃ
  OŕۑAmake -f calc.mak ƃ^Cv邱Ƃł܂BĂ
  ͂ RMP Ă݂ĂB man ɍڂĂ C ֐ɂĂ̏
  gp邱Ƃł܂BႦ΃ZNV 3 ȉ̂悤ɂ
  ܂B

       $ man 3 printf

  vOfobOɂ gdb g܂傤Bg info gdb 
  wт܂傤B

  Linux ł͂̃Cugp\łB̒ł ncurses (eL
  Xg)A svgalib (R\[OtBbNX) ŏɎgĂ
  Ȃł傤BȂɗEC X11 vO~Oɒ킵
  Ă݂̂Ȃ܂ (Ȃɂ͓܂)B X11 v
  OLqȒPɂ镡̃Cu܂B
  <http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapp6.html> Ă݂ĂBł
  Gtk  Linux WɂȂėĂ邱ƂYꂸɁB

  ̃GfB^ IDE ƂȂ邱Ƃł܂BႦ emacs  jed 
  ͕͍\nCCgACfgAƂ̋@\
  Bق̕@ƂāA
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/devel/debuggers/>.   rhide pb
  P[W肵Ă݂̂܂B Borland IDE ̃N
  [ŁAȂCɓƎv܂B

  11.  c 1%

  ۂɂ͂ƂĂ 1% ł݂͂܂񂪁cc

  11.1.  tar  gzip g

  UNIX ł̓t@C܂Ƃ߂(A[JCuA)Ak̂ɁA悭
  gAvP[V܂Btar ͏ɂ쐬̂Ɏg
  B PKZIP  Winzip ɎĂ܂Ak͍s킸At@C
  Ƃ߂ďɂ݂̂łBVA[JCuɂ:

       $ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

  A[JCut@C𒊏oɂ:

       $ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

  A[JCu̓eQƂɂ:

       $ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

  t@Ckɂ compress (Â̂ŎgȂׂ) Agzip 
  g܂:

       $ compress <file>
       $ gzip <file>

  Ŋgq .Z (compress)  .gz (gzip) ̂kt@C쐬
  ܂B̃vO͈ɂЂƂ̃t@Ckł܂B
  t@C𓀂ɂ:

       $ compress -d <file.Z>
       $ gzip -d <file.gz>

  RMPB

  ̂قɂ unarjAzip  unzip (PK??ZIP ݊jƂ[eBeB
  ܂B.tar.gz  .tgz itar ŃA[JCuāAgzip ňk
  ́jƂgq̃t@C UNIX ̐Eł DOS ł .ZIP
  t@CƓ炢ʓIɎg܂B.tar.gz A[JCu̓eQ
  ɂ:

       $ tar -ztf <file.tar.gz> | less

  11.2.  AvP[ṼCXg[

  ܂ŏ: pbP[W̃CXg[ root ̖ڂłBقƂǂ
  Linux ̃AvP[V .tar.gz A[JCuŔzzÃA[
  JCuɂ͓K؂ȖÔfBNgЂƂĂÃfB
  Ngɂ͊et@CTufBNgĂ܂B̃pb
  P[WCXg[ł̌܂́Aȉ̃R}hg
  /usr/local zɃCXg[邱ƂłB

       # tar -zxf <archive.tar.gz>

  ̌ README  INSTALL t@Cǂ݂܂傤BقƂǂ̏ꍇAv
  P[V̓\[XŔzzĂ̂ŁARpCKv܂B
  قƂǂ̏ꍇ make āAmake install ƃ^Cv邾ł悢ł
  BA[JCu configure XNvg܂łꍇɎ
  s܂傤BRłAɂ gcc  g++ RpCKvłB

  ق̃A[JCu / ApbNKv܂B Slackware 
  .tgz A[JCȕꍇłB̂ق̃A[JCu̓t@C܂łA
  TufBNg܂܂Ȃꍇ܂BVXe߂Ⴍɂ
  悤ɋCt܂傤! CXg[܂ɁAɃA[JCu̓
  eQƂ悤ɂ܂傤B

  Debian  Red Hat ͓Ǝ̃A[JCu`Ă܂Bꂼ .deb
   .rpmB҂͍Lgn߂Ă܂B rpm pbP[WCXg[
  ɂ

       # rpm -i package.rpm

  ƃ^Cv܂B

  11.3.  mĂׂqg

  obNXN[: <SHIFT + PAGEUP> (DF̃L[) ƂŃy[W
  obNXN[邱Ƃł܂ (ǂ̂炢ł邩͂Ȃ̃rf
  IJ[h̃ɍE܂)B

  ʂ̃Zbg: oCit@C more  cat Ă܂ꍇA
  ʂ߂ႭɂȂĂ܂܂BC
  ́Areset ƃuCh^Cv邩Â悤Ƀ^CvĂ: echo
  CTRL-V ESC c RETURNB

  eLXg̃y[Xg: R\[ł͉Q; X ł̓NbNAhh
  bO xterm ̃eLXgIA{^( 2 {^}EX̏ꍇ
  ͓̃{^𓯎ɉ)NbN邱ƂŃeLXg̃y[Xg
  ܂B̂قɂ xclipboard (cOȂeLXĝ) ܂B
  ƂĂxɍȂłB

  }EXg:  gpm AR\[p}EXhCoACXg[
  ĂꍇANbNAhhbOŃeLXgIāAENbNőI
  eLXgy[Xgł܂B͈قȂzR\[Ԃł
  ܂B

  J[l̃bZ[W: /var/adm/messages  /var/log/messages 
  root ŎQƂ邱ƂŃu[gAbvbZ[W܂߂J[l
  bZ[WǂނƂł܂B dmesg R}h֗łB

  11.4.  ǂŃAvP[Vt邩

  ȂÂǂ DOS/Win AvP[V Linux ̂̂ƌł
  邩ǂYłȂALinux \tgEFA|WgĂ݂邱Ƃ
  ߂܂B

  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux>A <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux>
  A <ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux>B

  ̂قn߂̂ɂ悢ꏊ uLinux Applications and Utilities Pagev
  <http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml> Auv Linux y[W
  <http://www.linux.org> ł ({ł́u{ Linux vy[W
  <http://www.linux.or.jp>)B

  11.5.  DOS/Win ł͂łȂ

  Linux ł DOS/Windows ł͖ʓ|AA܂͕s\
  Ƃł܂Bȉ͂Ȃ̗~𖞂Ă邩Ȃ̂̃
  XgłB

  o   at ͎w肵ԂɃvOs܂B

  o  awk ͒PȂptȁAf[^t@Cł (ꂾ
     ł͂܂)BႦ data.dat }`tB[hf[^t@C
     ̏ꍇA

       $ awk '$2 ~ "abc" {print $1, "\t", $4}' data.dat

  data.dat ̑SĂ̍s 2 Ԗڂ̃tB[h uabcv ܂ 1 Ԗڂ 4
  Ԗڂ̃tB[h̓e\܂B

  o  cron ͎w肵tԂɒIɃ^XNŝɎg܂Bman
     5 crontab ƃ^CvB

  o

     file <filename>  filename Ă܂ (ASCII eLXgA
     st@CAA[JCuȂ)B

  o   find (ZNV ``fBNg:  R}h|󂷂'' Q) 
     Ƀptŕ֗ȃR}hłB̃R}h̓t@C𕡐
     Ƀ}b`邱Ƃő{oAɑ΂ēs܂B
     I find ̎g

       $ find <directory> <expression>

  <expression> ͌Ɠ܂݂܂BႦ:

       $ find . -type l -exec ls -l {} \;

  SẴV{bNNƂ̎wꏊ\܂B

       $ find / -name "*.old" -ok rm {} \;

  p^[Ƀ}b`SẴt@CtĂ폜܂B폜
  ܂ɁA{ɍ폜Ă悢܂B

       $ find . -perm +111

  p[~bV 111 (st@C) ̃t@CT܂B

       $ find . -user root

  root ̏LSẴt@CT܂B̉\܂
  --- RMPB

  o   grep ̓p^[Ƀ}b`t@C̃eLXgT܂BႦ
     ΁A

       $ grep -l "geology" *.tex

  ugeologyv ƂP܂ށA*.tex t@CXg܂BႵ
  zgrep  gzip ꂽt@Cɓ܂B RMP;

  o   K\ ͕GłAeLXǧsAƂĂptȂ
     łBႦ΁A^a[^a-m]X{4,}txt$  a Ŏn܂słɑ
       a  m ł͂ȂA̎̕A4 ȏ X ŁAtxt ŏI
     ̂ɊY܂BK\͔BGfB^A lessÂق
     ̃AvP[Vƍ킹Ďgp܂B man grep Cg
     _NVɂĂB

  o  script <script_file> ͉ʂ̓e exit R}hs
     ŁAscript_file Ƀ_v܂BfobOƂɎg܂B

  o  sudo ͈ʃ[U root ̃^XN̈ꕔs邱Ƃ܂B
     (: fBXÑtH[}bg}Eg; RMP)

  o  uname -a ͂Ȃ̃VXeĂ܂B

  o  zcat  zless  gzip ꂽt@C𓀂ȂŃuEYp
     Cvgł܂BႦ:

       $ zless textfile.gz
       $ zcat textfile.gz | lpr

  o  ̃R}h͂悭ɗ܂: bcAcalAchshAcmpA
     cutAfmtAheadAhexdumpAnlApasswdAprintfAsortAsplitA
     stringsAtacAtailAteeAtouchAuniqAwAwallAwcAwhereisAwriteA
     xargsAznewB RMPB

  11.6.  DOS/Windows  UNIX ̌

  MȂ܂񂪁ADOS/Windows  UNIX ̂悤Ȋ
  f炵c[܂! ЂƂ DOS p Djgpp (
  <http://www.delorie.com/djgpp>)A Cygnus (
  <http://www.cygnus.com>) ͂ɕG Win32 płBƂ GNU
  Jc[⃆[eBeB܂݂܂AƂẍ萫p
  tH[}XƂł܂B

  Ȃ Linux 𖡌Ă݂Ȃ Djgpp Ă݂܂傤B
  t@C_E[hACXg[܂ ({ML_ōŐVo[W
   2.02)Bdjdev202.zipAbnu281b.zipAbsh1147b.zipAfil316b.zipA
  find41b.zipAgrep22b.zipAgwk303b.zipAlss332b.zipAshl112b.zipB C
  Xg[@͒񋟂Ă܂B  <news:comp.os.msdos.djgpp> 
  ͂炦܂B
   bash  DOSWin ŎgƂ͐VNȑ̌łBƐݒ肷
  ́Å𔽉f邽ߒ񋟂Ă BOOT.BAT ҏWAȉ
  t@Cz[fBNg(Windows p[eBV) Ɍ炠
  ̂̑ɒu܂傤B

       #  _bashrc

       LS_OPTIONS="-F -s --color=yes"
       alias cp='cp -i'
       alias d='ls -l'
       alias l=less
       alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
       alias mv='mv -i'
       alias rm='rm -i'
       alias u='cd ..'

       #  _bprof
       if [ -f ~/_bashrc ]; then
         . ~/_bashrc
       fi
       PS1='\w\$ '
       PS2='> '
       CDPATH="$CDPATH:~"
       # less(1) ̂߂̂
       LESS="-M-Q"                     # 璷ȃvvgAx炳Ȃ
       LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"       # ԏ̍sҏW
       VISUAL="jed"                    # GfB^
       LESSCHARSET=latin1              # 悤ɂ
       export PS1 PS2 CDPATH LS_OPTIONS LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

  11.7.  悭ggqƊ֘AvO

  ꂩ炠Ȃ͂̊gqɏoƎv܂BςȂ̂͊
  ߂Ă܂񂪁A͂ǂ̊gqt@C̃XgłB

  o  1 ` 8: man y[WBgroff -Tascii -man <file.1> œǂ݂܂B

  o  arj: arj ō쐬ꂽA[JCuB

  o   dvi: Tex (Q)ɂč쐬ꂽo̓t@CB xdvi Ō
     Bdvips  PostScript .ps t@C ɕϊ܂B

  o   gz: gzip ɂč쐬ꂽA[JCuB

  o  info: info t@C (man y[Ŵ悤Ȃ)BGet infoB

  o   lsm: Linux \tgEFA}bvt@CB̓pbP[W̐
     񂾕ʂ ASCII t@CłB

  o   ps: PostScript t@CBAvg肷ɂ gs Ƃ
     قɂ ghostview  gv g܂B

  o   rpm: Red Hat pbP[WBpbP[W}l[W rpm gƂłǂ
     ȃVXeɂłCXg[ł܂B

  o  tazAtar.Z: tar ŏɂɂAcompress ňkꂽA[JCuB

  o   tgzAtar.gz: tar ŏɂɂAgzip ňkꂽA[JCuB

  o   tex: ptȕ`VXe TeX ɓǂݍ܂eLXgt@C
     BpbP[W tex 肵܂傤B̃fBXgr[V
     œ\łB

  o   texi: texinfo t@CATeX  info t@C̗쐬܂B
     (cp. info)BGet texinfoB

  o  xbmAxpmAxwd: OtBbNt@CB

  o   Z: compress ɂč쐬ꂽA[JCuB

  11.8.  t@C̕ϊ

   DOS/Win  Linux ԂŃeLXgt@ĈȂAuend of
  linev̖ɋCtĂBDOS ł̓eLXg̍s CR/LF (
   ASCII 13 + ASCII 10) ŏI܂ALinux ł LF ɂȂ܂B
  Ȃ DOS ̃eLXg Linux ŕҏWAꂼ̍s
  ȏIƂł(uMvɌ镶)B Linux ō쐬ꂽ
  t@C DOS ł͒îȂ kilometric single line Ƃĕ\
  ܂Bdos2unix  unix2dos Ƃt@Cϊc[
  B

  eLXĝ݂̃t@Cꂽ܂ޏꍇAꂪ DOS 
  ͂Ȃ Windows (̃) ō쐬Ă邱ƂmF܂傤B
  ȂƋꂽ͂߂ႭɂȂĂ܂܂B

  Word  WordPerfect t@C𕁒ʂ̃eLXgɕϊ̂͂Ƃ
  łAs\ł͂܂BKvȃt@C CTAN ̊eTCgŌ
  t܂BЂƂ    <ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk> łBvO word2x
  fBNg /pub/tex/tools/ 肷邩A/pub/tex/support/ 
  \ȃvOĂ݂܂傤BɁA word2x  Word 6 t@C
  ϊ܂AWord 97 t@Cɂ HTML ɕϊĂ
  mswordview ( <http://www.csn.ul.ie/~caolan/docs/MSWordView.html>) g
  pKv܂B

  11.9.  t[̃ItBXi

  t@C̕ϊŖłȂȂAMicrosoft Office ɎpbP[
  W (t[!) Ă݂邱Ƃł܂B StarOffice ͌lgpȂ疳
  łB͑傫Aƒxłӂ܂Ăf炵\
  tgŁAMicrosoft Office ɂȂ悤Ȃ̋@\񋟂܂B
  ɁAɕϊł킯ł͂܂ Word  Excel ̃t@C
  ǂݏł܂Bz[y[W:  <http://www.stardivision.com>

  ̂ق̂ƂĂ悢pbP[WƂĂ Corel WordPerfect ܂B
  ł_E[h\łBȏアKv͂܂ˁB
  肵܂傤  <http://www.corel.com> B

  12.  ̂Ƃ͂ŏI

  ߂łƂ܂! łȂ͑Ȃ UNIX 𗝉A UNIX
  ł܂BȂ̃VXeɂĂ̒m͌Ă
  ALinux Sn悭g悤ɂȂɂ͂܂܂KKvȂƂS
  ~߂ĂĂBłAȂ̂Ƃ̃AvP[
  V肵Ďgn߂邾ȂAɊ܂܂Ă񂾂ŏ\
  B

  ꂩ炠Ȃy Linux gAƂ̂ƂoĂ
  Ƃł傤 (݂Ȃł)BDOSWin ɖ߂肵ȂƎv܂!
  ̂Ƃ𗝉Ă炦A 3A4l̓ǎ҂̂ɗĂƂ
  肢܂B

  12.1.  쌠

  ȉ͎̕Ql̂ߖ󕶂܂AD悳܂B

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  ʂɏqׂĂȂALinux HOWTO hLg͂̒҂ɒ
  쌠܂BLinux HOWTO hLg͂̃CZX̋Lڂ
  ΁AhLg̑ŚAꕔɂ炸AIɂdqIɂz
  z\łBpzz͏サ܂Azz̍ۂɂ͒҂ɒʒmĂ
  B

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  SĂ̖|AρAďW Linux HOWTO hLg
  ͂͂̃Rs[Cgɕی삳ĂȂ΂Ȃ܂B܂͉
  ꂽ͂쐬A̔zzɂȂKۂƂ͂łȂƂ
  ƂłB󋵂ɂĂ͂̋KɗO邱Ƃ܂B
  ̃AhX Linux HOWTO R[fBl[^[ɃR^NgĂB

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  ȒPɂƁAB͂̏ł邾L߂ƎvĂ܂A
  HOWTO hLg̒쌠͎BێA HOWTO ̍Ĕzzɂ
  Oɒʒm𒸂ƎvĂ܂B

  If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at  <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu> via email.

  ₪܂ Tim Bynum ( Linux HOWTO R[fBl[^[) ܂œdq
  [ŃR^NgĂB <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu>

  12.2.  Ɛ

  ȉ͎̕Ql̂ߖ󕶂܂AD悳܂B

  ``From DOS to Linux HOWTO'' was written by Guido Gonzato,
  <REMOVE_MEguido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>. (Remove ``REMOVE_ME''.)  Many
  thanks to Matt Welsh, the author of ``Linux Installation and Getting
  Started'', to Ian Jackson, the author of ``Linux frequently asked
  questions with answers'', to Giuseppe Zanetti, the author of
  ``Linux'', to all the folks who emailed me suggestions, and especially
  to Linus Torvalds and GNU who gave us Linux.

  This document is provided ``as is''. I put great effort into writing
  it as accurately as I could, but you use the information contained in
  it at your own risk. In no event shall I be liable for any damages
  resulting from the use of this work.

  uFrom DOS to Linux HOWTOv Guido Gonzato
  <REMOVE_MEguido@ibogeo.df.unibo.it>(uREMOVE_MEv菜Ă)
  ɂď܂BuLinux Installtion and Getting Startedv̒
  Matt Welsh AuLinux frequently asked questions with answersv̒
  Ian JacksonAuLinuxv̒ Giuseppe ZanettiA[ŒĂ
  FAē Linux Bɗ^Ăꂽ Linus Torvalds  GNU
  ɑɊӂ܂B

  (: {̂ɂāAA䂳A삳A
  ARɑςbɂȂ܂Bǂ肪Ƃ܂
  B)

  ͂́̕uۏ؁vŒ񋟂Ă܂B͂͂̕ł邾m
  Lq邽߂ɑȓw͂𒍂܂A͓Ɋ܂܂gp
  Ƃ͎̐ӔCōsĂB͓ɏĂ邱Ƃs
  ƂɂĔ邢Ȃ鑹Q҂͐ӔC܂B

  tB[hobN͊}łBvAāA蓙C˖҂܂ő
  ĂB

  Enjoy Linux and life,

  Guido   =8-)

